Grammar Translation Method

The Grammar Translation Method is a foreign language teaching method that originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This method is usually taught in the classical or dead language, for example, Latin and Greek.

The primary purpose of this method is to enrich their literature and language reading proficiency. And for this reason, this method is also called the Classical Method. However, in the 19th century, this Classical method was recognized as the Grammar Translation Method.

Characteristics of the Grammar Translation Method

Let us know the significant characteristics of the Grammar Translation Method:

• The main purpose of the Grammar Translation Method is to learn a language in order to read its literature to benefit from mental discipline and intellectual improvement.
• As far as skills are concerned reading and writing skills are more focused than listening and speaking.
• GTM takes vocabulary from reading texts the teachers teach through translation, memorisation and dictionary study.
• It chooses the sentences as the basic part of teaching and language practice as well.
• It focuses on the accuracy of grammar and translation.
• In GTM, teachers teach the grammar rules then gives examples.
• Teachers teach in the mother tongue with little active use of the targeted language.
• Teachers and learners maintain traditional roles of knowledge transmitter and knowledge receiver.

Objectives

As we mentioned before, the main objectives of the Grammar Translation Method are to enrich the Latin and Greek literature to benefit from the mental discipline and intellectual abilities that result from the foreign language study.

Let us see the main objectives of the Grammar Translation Method in the below sentences:

• Students are able to read the literature which is written in the targeted language.
• They are able to translate from and into the targeted language.
• They are able to enhance their skills in reading and writing.

Techniques of GTM

Larsen-Freeman (2000) discusses the following techniques of the Grammar Translation Method:

• In GTM students translate literary extracts from the target language into their mother tongue.
• The students read comprehensive texts and try to find information, make inferences and relate to personal experiences.
• They find synonyms and antonyms for words that occur in the text.
• The learners identify cognate by learning spelling and sound patterns between mother language and targeted language.
• They try to understand the grammar structure first and later apply them to examples.
• In GTM students memorize bilingual vocabularies, grammar rules and grammatical paradigms.
• Learners usually used to memorize vocabulary to apply them in sentences.
• They write paragraphs, essays or summaries on a particular topic using targeted language.

Advantage

Let us know the significant advantages of GTM:

• The teachers need a few specialized skills on particular topics.
• Students get the opportunity to achieve maximum accuracy on targeted language.
• The learners have to read the classic literature which develops their mental and intellectual ability.
• Literature also helps to enrich multiple potentials of the learners.
• The leaners have to memorize a lot of vocabularies which help them to make different kinds of sentences.
• GTM also helps students to improve the reading and writing proficiency of the targeted language.

Disadvantages

Let us know the considerable disadvantages of GTM:

• The students get less opportunity to engage in several segments, unlike Communicative Language Teaching.
• Grammar Translation Method mainly a teacher-centred method that’s why learners get less opportunity to interact with the teachers.
• The students are not offered to produce their own sentences in the classroom.
• They get less opportunity to develop their speaking and listening skills.
• Oral interaction is avoided in GTM.
• In GTM accuracy is more emphasized then fluency.
• The leaners can develop their reading and writing skills but fail to communicate with the real world.

Although the Grammar Translation Method has some limitations, the learners get a lot of benefits to develop their skills in their targeted language.

The instructors also get the opportunity to teach many students in the classroom, and they don’t need to give more effort to take the class. Further, it helps the students to develop their mental and intellectual abilities.

Have a look at these helpful links:

• Communicative language teaching
• How to write an article?
• What is a Morpheme?
• What is Psycholinguistics?
• Characteristics of language

Azizul Hakim

Azizul Hakim is the founder & CEO of englishfinders.com. He is a passionate writer, English instructor, and content creator. He has completed his graduation and post-graduation in English language and literature.