A formal report combines nominalisation, formal linking, and precise structure.

Notice

  • Introduction: This report examines the recent decline in customer satisfaction.
  • Findings: The analysis reveals that response times have increased significantly, whereas resolution rates have remained stable.
  • Recommendation: It is recommended that additional staff be allocated to the support team.
  • Conclusion: Notwithstanding budget constraints, timely action is essential to prevent further decline.

Rule

A formal report typically has four parts: an introduction stating purpose, findings presenting evidence (often with data/comparisons), a recommendation using the formal subjunctive, and a conclusion. This structure draws on nearly everything covered in this course — nominalisation, formal linking, the subjunctive, and precise register.

Practice

  1. What are the four typical parts of a formal report?
    Answer: Introduction, findings, recommendation, conclusion.
  2. Write an introduction sentence for a report on remote work productivity.
    Answer: Personal answer, e.g. “This report examines the impact of remote work on team productivity.”
  3. Write a recommendation sentence using the formal subjunctive.
    Answer: Personal answer, e.g. “It is recommended that a hybrid policy be adopted.”
  4. Why is nominalisation common in report writing?
    Answer: It creates an objective, impersonal, formal tone suited to professional and academic contexts.

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CEFR: Writing — write about complex subjects in a report, underlining salient issues, in an appropriate style.

Azizul Hakim
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