How sure you sound matters as much as what you say — English has a rich toolkit for adjusting certainty.

Notice

  • Hedges (softening a claim): “It could be argued that…” “To some extent…” “This tends to happen when…” “Arguably…”
  • Boosters (strengthening a claim): “Clearly…” “Undoubtedly…” “Without question…” “It is well established that…”

Rule

Rule: hedges protect you from overstating a claim you’re not 100% sure of, which is especially important in academic and professional writing. Boosters are used sparingly, for claims you can fully stand behind — overusing them can make writing sound arrogant or unsupported.

Practice

  1. Rewrite as a hedge: “This policy will fail.”
    Answer: Example: “It could be argued that this policy is likely to fail.”
  2. Rewrite as a booster: “This is probably the best option.”
    Answer: “This is clearly the best option.”
  3. Why might an academic writer prefer “tends to” over “always” when describing a pattern?
    Answer: “Tends to” hedges the claim, acknowledging exceptions, while “always” makes an absolute claim that is easy to disprove with a single counterexample.
  4. Give one risk of overusing boosters like “undoubtedly” and “clearly.”
    Answer: It can make the writing sound overconfident, dismissive of other views, or unsupported by real evidence.

Connect

Practise hedging and boosting language with the Grammar Quiz.

Try Grammar Quiz →

CEFR: C2

Azizul Hakim
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